The term “narcissism” is often used to describe people who are self-absorbed or excessively concerned with their appearance or reputation. However, in psychology, narcissism is a more complex and nuanced concept. It refers to a personality type characterized by a sense of grandiosity, a need for admiration, and a lack of empathy for others. Those with narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) exhibit a range of symptoms that impact their interpersonal relationships and sense of self.
Symptoms of Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD)
Common symptoms include an inflated sense of their abilities, achievements or self-importance, a constant need for excessive admiration, as well as a sense of entitlement and expectation of special treatment or recognition.
People with NPD may lack empathy for others and demonstrate arrogant and haughty behaviors.
Additionally, they may have a tendency to exploit others for personal gain and often have difficulties handling criticism or setbacks.
These symptoms can significantly impair their ability to establish and maintain healthy relationships. This may also lead to challenges in other areas.
They may also have a deep-seated need for attention and validation. It is possible they may gaslight or manipulate others to meet their own needs.
At the same time, people with narcissistic traits may struggle with feelings of insecurity or worthlessness beneath their grandiose exterior.
They may fear rejection or criticism and may react defensively or angrily when their sense of self-importance is challenged.
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Underlying Psychological Factors of Narcissism (NPD)
The causes of narcissism are complex and can vary from person to person.
Some researchers suggest that genetics, environmental, psychological and neurobiological factors may play a role in predisposing certain people to develop narcissistic traits.
Early childhood experiences, such as excessive praise or criticism from caregivers, neglect, or unrealistic expectations, can contribute to the development of NPD as a way to cope with feelings of inadequacy or insecurity.
Other psychological theories propose that factors such as a fragile sense of self-worth, fear of rejection, or unresolved emotional trauma may also contribute to the development of narcissistic tendencies.
There is no one-size-fits-all approach to treating narcissism. Therapy can be helpful in helping those with narcissistic traits gain greater self-awareness. It may also help them to develop empathy for others.
Find More Resources related to Therapeutic Techniques for Narcissism
In some cases, medication may also be prescribed to treat co-occurring mental health conditions such as depression or anxiety.
The Many Facets of Narcissism (NPD)
Narcissistic Personality Disorder is a diagnosable personality disorder that profoundly affects a person’s sense of self.
Understanding the psychology of narcissism can be helpful in developing more compassionate and effective ways of relating to those with these traits.
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Joan Senio is the founder of KindCompassCoach. Her career includes 20+ years as a private sector corporate executive and 15 years (and counting) as a consultant and coach. The common thread through her professional life has been a commitment to compassionate leadership, including leading and mentoring current and future leaders, and women from all walks of life. KindCompassCoach articles are backed by research and include facts and advice from a wide variety of experts. Joan is a member of the International Organization of Life Coaches, serves as a thought-leader for KuelLife.com and is a regular contributor to PsychReg and Sixty and Me.
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