Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) is an often-misunderstood condition. Unlike typical PTSD, which is usually caused by a single traumatic incident, Complex PTSD stems from ongoing trauma, such as childhood abuse, domestic violence, or being in a war zone. In all, there are 17 signs of CPTSD to look out for. We will cover each of them in detail. But before we get to that, let’s talk a bit more about PTSD and CPTSD, in general.
PTSD and Complex PTSD
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) was a largely hidden, unstudied phenomenon for many decades.
In the 1980s, we began to read about PTSD more often, as it became a recognized diagnostic code used by the American Psychological Association, in part due to extensive study of mental disorders that were prevalent among Vietnam veterans.
Today, when we hear about PTSD it is still most often related to the suffering of our active-duty soldiers, wounded warriors and veterans.
Unfortunately, there is still much to learn about PTSD and CPTSD alike.
And sadly, there are many different situations that can lead to PTSD and CPTSD.
Because PTSD and CPTSD can affect anyone who has been subjected to trauma or violence.
This includes children, teenagers, young adults, senior citizens, and men and women of any age in between.
17 Signs of Complex PTSD
As mentioned above, there are 17 total signs to look out for related to CPTSD. Let’s go through them all.
1. Hyperarousal
Those with complex PTSD often experience a constant state of hyperarousal, feeling constantly on edge and easily startled. This heightened state of alertness can make it difficult to relax or sleep, leading to chronic exhaustion.
2. Emotional Flashbacks
Emotional flashbacks are intense and overwhelming episodes that transport people back to traumatic events. These flashbacks can be triggered by seemingly unrelated situations, making it even more challenging to understand and manage these incidents when they arise.
3. Emotional Dysregulation
People with complex PTSD may struggle to regulate their emotions, and experience extreme mood swings, anger outbursts, or emotional numbness. These disturbances can significantly impact daily functioning and relationships.
4. Dissociation
Dissociation is a common coping mechanism for those with complex PTSD. It involves mentally disconnecting from the present moment as a way to escape the overwhelming emotions and memories associated with the trauma.
5. Intrusive Thoughts and Memories
Intrusive thoughts and memories related to traumatic events frequently invade the minds of individuals with complex PTSD. These intrusive thoughts can trigger anxiety, panic attacks, and a sense of hopelessness.
6. Hypervigilance
Hypervigilance is a state of heightened awareness and constant scanning of the environment for potential threats. People with complex PTSD may find it challenging to feel safe and may constantly anticipate danger.
7. Avoidance
Avoidance is a common coping mechanism used by those with complex PTSD to shield themselves from triggering situations or reminders of their trauma. This avoidance can lead to social isolation and difficulty in engaging in everyday activities.
8. Negative Self-Image
Complex PTSD can significantly impact one’s self-esteem and self-worth. Those with CPTSD may develop a negative self-image, often blaming themselves for the trauma they experienced or feeling a sense of shame and guilt.
9. Relationship Difficulties
Building and maintaining healthy relationships can be challenging for those with complex PTSD. Trust issues, difficulties with emotional intimacy, and fear of abandonment can strain interpersonal connections.
10. Distorted Perceptions
People with complex PTSD may develop distorted perceptions of themselves, others, and the world around them. This can manifest as a pessimistic outlook, constant suspicion, or a distorted sense of reality.
11. Self-Destructive Behavior
Engaging in self-destructive behaviors, such as alcohol or substance abuse, self-harm, or risky behaviors, is a common response to the overwhelming emotions and distress caused by complex PTSD.
12. Chronic Fatigue
Living with complex PTSD can be mentally and physically exhausting. The constant hypervigilance, emotional turmoil, and sleep disturbances can lead to chronic fatigue and a lack of energy.
13. Difficulty with Trust
Trust becomes a significant hurdle for those with complex PTSD. Past traumas can make it challenging to trust others and believe in their good intentions, leading to a constant fear of betrayal. Difficulty with trust may also manifest as Hyper-Independence.
14. Impaired Concentration and Memory
Complex PTSD can impair cognitive functions, including concentration and memory. Individuals may struggle to focus on tasks or retain new information, affecting their work or academic performance.
15. Sensory Sensitivity
Heightened sensitivity to stimuli, such as loud noises, bright lights, or crowded spaces, is common in people with complex PTSD. These sensory triggers can cause intense anxiety and distress.
16. Feelings of Detachment
People with complex PTSD may experience feelings of detachment from themselves, others, and the world. This can manifest as a sense of unreality or feeling emotionally disconnected.
17. Physical Symptoms
Complex PTSD can manifest in physical symptoms, such as headaches, gastrointestinal issues, or chronic pain. These physical symptoms are often a result of the body’s response to chronic stress and emotional distress.
17 Signs of Complex PTSD
Complex PTSD is a challenging and often misunderstood condition that can have a profound impact on a person’s daily life.
Recognizing the signs and symptoms is essential to provide support and understanding to those living with this complex disorder.
If you suspect someone close to you may be suffering, please read How to Recognize Complex PTSD in Your Loved One.
Thank you as always for reading.
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Joan Senio is the founder of KindCompassCoach. Her career includes 20+ years as a private sector corporate executive and 15 years as a consultant. The common thread through her professional life has been a commitment to compassionate coaching and leadership, including mentoring early and mid-career professionals as well as current and future executives and leaders. KindCompassCoach articles are backed by research and include facts and advice from relevant experts. Joan is a member of the International Organization of Life Coaches, serves as a thought-leader for KuelLife.com and is a regular contributor to PsychReg and Sixty and Me.
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